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babel.dates

Locale dependent formatting and parsing of dates and times.

The default locale for the functions in this module is determined by the following environment variables, in that order:

• LC_TIME,
• LC_ALL, and
• LANG

get_period_names(locale=LC_TIME)

Return the names for day periods (AM/PM) used by the locale.

>>> get_period_names(locale='en_US')['am']
u'AM'

param locale:	the Locale object, or a locale string
return:	the dictionary of period names
rtype:	dict

get_day_names(width='wide', context='format', locale=LC_TIME)

Return the day names used by the locale for the specified format.

>>> get_day_names('wide', locale='en_US')[1]
u'Tuesday'
>>> get_day_names('abbreviated', locale='es')[1]
u'mar'
>>> get_day_names('narrow', context='stand-alone', locale='de_DE')[1]
u'D'

param width:	the width to use, one of "wide", "abbreviated", or "narrow"
param context:	the context, either "format" or "stand-alone"
param locale:	the Locale object, or a locale string
return:	the dictionary of day names
rtype:	dict

get_month_names(width='wide', context='format', locale=LC_TIME)

Return the month names used by the locale for the specified format.

>>> get_month_names('wide', locale='en_US')[1]
u'January'
>>> get_month_names('abbreviated', locale='es')[1]
u'ene'
>>> get_month_names('narrow', context='stand-alone', locale='de_DE')[1]
u'J'

param width:	the width to use, one of "wide", "abbreviated", or "narrow"
param context:	the context, either "format" or "stand-alone"
param locale:	the Locale object, or a locale string
return:	the dictionary of month names
rtype:	dict

get_quarter_names(width='wide', context='format', locale=LC_TIME)

Return the quarter names used by the locale for the specified format.

>>> get_quarter_names('wide', locale='en_US')[1]
u'1st quarter'
>>> get_quarter_names('abbreviated', locale='de_DE')[1]
u'Q1'

param width:	the width to use, one of "wide", "abbreviated", or "narrow"
param context:	the context, either "format" or "stand-alone"
param locale:	the Locale object, or a locale string
return:	the dictionary of quarter names
rtype:	dict

get_era_names(width='wide', locale=LC_TIME)

Return the era names used by the locale for the specified format.

>>> get_era_names('wide', locale='en_US')[1]
u'Anno Domini'
>>> get_era_names('abbreviated', locale='de_DE')[1]
u'n. Chr.'

param width:	the width to use, either "wide" or "abbreviated"
param locale:	the Locale object, or a locale string
return:	the dictionary of era names
rtype:	dict

get_date_format(format='medium', locale=LC_TIME)

Return the date formatting patterns used by the locale for the specified format.

>>> get_date_format(locale='en_US')
<DateTimePattern u'MMM d, yyyy'>
>>> get_date_format('full', locale='de_DE')
<DateTimePattern u'EEEE, d. MMMM yyyy'>

param format:	the format to use, one of "full", "long", "medium", or "short"
param locale:	the Locale object, or a locale string
return:	the date format pattern
rtype:	DateTimePattern

get_datetime_format(format='medium', locale=LC_TIME)

Return the datetime formatting patterns used by the locale for the specified format.

>>> get_datetime_format(locale='en_US')
u'{1} {0}'

param format:	the format to use, one of "full", "long", "medium", or "short"
param locale:	the Locale object, or a locale string
return:	the datetime format pattern
rtype:	unicode

get_time_format(format='medium', locale=LC_TIME)

Return the time formatting patterns used by the locale for the specified format.

>>> get_time_format(locale='en_US')
<DateTimePattern u'h:mm:ss a'>
>>> get_time_format('full', locale='de_DE')
<DateTimePattern u"H:mm' Uhr 'z">

param format:	the format to use, one of "full", "long", "medium", or "short"
param locale:	the Locale object, or a locale string
return:	the time format pattern
rtype:	DateTimePattern

format_date(date=None, format='medium', locale=LC_TIME)

Return a date formatted according to the given pattern.

>>> d = date(2007, 04, 01)
>>> format_date(d, locale='en_US')
u'Apr 1, 2007'
>>> format_date(d, format='full', locale='de_DE')
u'Sonntag, 1. April 2007'

If you don't want to use the locale default formats, you can specify a custom date pattern:

>>> format_date(d, "EEE, MMM d, ''yy", locale='en')
u"Sun, Apr 1, '07"

param date:	the date or datetime object; if None, the current date is used
param format:	one of "full", "long", "medium", or "short", or a custom date/time pattern
param locale:	a Locale object or a locale identifier
rtype:	unicode
note:	If the pattern contains time fields, an AttributeError will be raised when trying to apply the formatting. This is also true if the value of date parameter is actually a datetime object, as this function automatically converts that to a date.

format_datetime(datetime=None, format='medium', tzinfo=None, locale=LC_TIME)

Return a date formatted according to the given pattern.

>>> dt = datetime(2007, 04, 01, 15, 30)
>>> format_datetime(dt, locale='en_US')
u'Apr 1, 2007 3:30:00 PM'

For any pattern requiring the display of the time-zone, the third-party pytz package is needed to explicitly specify the time-zone:

>>> from pytz import timezone
>>> format_datetime(dt, 'full', tzinfo=timezone('Europe/Berlin'),
...                 locale='de_DE')
u'Sonntag, 1. April 2007 17:30 Uhr MESZ'
>>> format_datetime(dt, "yyyy.MM.dd G 'at' HH:mm:ss zzz",
...                 tzinfo=timezone('US/Eastern'), locale='en')
u'2007.04.01 AD at 11:30:00 EDT'

param datetime:	the datetime object; if None, the current date and time is used
param format:	one of "full", "long", "medium", or "short", or a custom date/time pattern
param tzinfo:	the timezone to apply to the time for display
param locale:	a Locale object or a locale identifier
rtype:	unicode

format_time(time=None, format='medium', tzinfo=None, locale=LC_TIME)

Return a time formatted according to the given pattern.

>>> t = time(15, 30)
>>> format_time(t, locale='en_US')
u'3:30:00 PM'
>>> format_time(t, format='short', locale='de_DE')
u'15:30'

If you don't want to use the locale default formats, you can specify a custom time pattern:

>>> format_time(t, "hh 'o''clock' a", locale='en')
u"03 o'clock PM"

For any pattern requiring the display of the time-zone, the third-party pytz package is needed to explicitly specify the time-zone:

>>> from pytz import timezone
>>> t = time(15, 30)
>>> format_time(t, format='full', tzinfo=timezone('Europe/Berlin'),
...             locale='de_DE')
u'17:30 Uhr MESZ'
>>> format_time(t, "hh 'o''clock' a, zzzz", tzinfo=timezone('US/Eastern'),
...             locale='en')
u"11 o'clock AM, Eastern Daylight Time"

param time:	the time or datetime object; if None, the current time is used
param format:	one of "full", "long", "medium", or "short", or a custom date/time pattern
param tzinfo:	the time-zone to apply to the time for display
param locale:	a Locale object or a locale identifier
rtype:	unicode
note:	If the pattern contains date fields, an AttributeError will be raised when trying to apply the formatting. This is also true if the value of time parameter is actually a datetime object, as this function automatically converts that to a time.

parse_date(string, locale=LC_TIME)

Parse a date from a string.

This function uses the date format for the locale as a hint to determine the order in which the date fields appear in the string.

>>> parse_date('4/1/04', locale='en_US')
datetime.date(2004, 4, 1)
>>> parse_date('01.04.2004', locale='de_DE')
datetime.date(2004, 4, 1)

param string:	the string containing the date
param locale:	a Locale object or a locale identifier
return:	the parsed date
rtype:	date

parse_datetime(string, locale=LC_TIME)

Parse a date and time from a string.

This function uses the date and time formats for the locale as a hint to determine the order in which the time fields appear in the string.

param string:	the string containing the date and time
param locale:	a Locale object or a locale identifier
return:	the parsed date/time
rtype:	datetime

parse_time(string, locale=LC_TIME)

Parse a time from a string.

This function uses the time format for the locale as a hint to determine the order in which the time fields appear in the string.

>>> parse_time('15:30:00', locale='en_US')
datetime.time(15, 30)

param string:	the string containing the time
param locale:	a Locale object or a locale identifier
return:	the parsed time
rtype:	time

DateTimePattern

(Not documented)

apply(self, datetime, locale)

(Not documented)

DateTimeFormat

(Not documented)

format_era(self, char, num)

(Not documented)

format_year(self, char, num)

(Not documented)

format_month(self, char, num)

(Not documented)

format_weekday(self, char, num)

(Not documented)

format_period(self, char)

(Not documented)

format_timezone(self, char, num)

(Not documented)

format(self, value, length)

(Not documented)

parse_pattern(pattern)

Parse date, time, and datetime format patterns.

>>> parse_pattern("MMMMd").format
u'%(MMMM)s%(d)s'
>>> parse_pattern("MMM d, yyyy").format
u'%(MMM)s %(d)s, %(yyyy)s'

Pattern can contain literal strings in single quotes:

>>> parse_pattern("H:mm' Uhr 'z").format
u'%(H)s:%(mm)s Uhr %(z)s'

An actual single quote can be used by using two adjacent single quote characters:

>>> parse_pattern("hh' o''clock'").format
u"%(hh)s o'clock"

param pattern:	the formatting pattern to parse

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